Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English - scratch
Связанные словари
Scratch
scratch
~1 v 1 »RUB YOU SKIN« to rub your skin with your nails, especially because it itches (itch1 (1)) (Try not to scratch those mosquito bites.) 2 »MAKE A MARK« to rub something sharp or rough against a hard surface so that it makes a thin mark (Mind you don't scratch the table with those scissors!) 3 »MAKE A CUT« to make a small cut by pulling something sharp against someone's skin (I scratched my hand on a blackberry bush. | Be careful. That cat scratches.) 4 »MAKE A NOISE« to make a noise by rubbing something with a sharp or pointed object (The dog kept scratching at the door to be let in.) 5 »REMOVE STH« T always + adv/prep to remove something from a surface by rubbing it with something sharp (scratch sth off/away etc) (I scratched away a little of the paint with my fingernail.) 6 »STOP PLANNING« to stop planning to do something because it is no longer possible or practical (I guess we can scratch that idea.) 7 scratch the surface to deal with only a very small part of a subject (In this essay I can only hope to scratch the surface of the topic.) 8 scratch your head informal to think hard about a difficult question or problem (The last question really had us scratching our heads.) 9 »REMOVE FROM RACE« to remove someone from a race or competition before it begins 10 up to scratch if something is up to scratch it is good enough (Kaari's French isn't up to scratch) 11 you scratch my back, I'll scratch yours spoken used to say that you will help someone if they agree to help you (- see also scrape/scratch a living living2 (1)) scratch sth out phr v to draw a line through a word, in order to remove it (Philippa's name had been scratched out.) ~2 n 1 »MARK OR CUT« a thin mark or cut on the surface of something or on someone's skin (a scratch on the car door) 2 from scratch if you do or start something from scratch, you begin it without using anything that existed or was prepared before (It was years since I'd learnt any German, and I really had to start again from scratch.) 3 not come/be up to scratch to not be good enough for a particular standard (His schoolwork really hasn't been up to scratch lately.) 4 »SOUND« a sound made by something sharp or rough being rubbed on a hard surface (I could hear the scratch of the dog's claws on the floor.) 5 have a scratch to rub part of your body with your nails 6 it's only/just a scratch spoken used to say that you are not seriously hurt or injured 7 without a scratch if you escape from a dangerous situation without a scratch, you are not injured at all 8 »MUSIC« a type of popular music produced by stopping a record while it is playing and moving it with your hands to make a sound ~3 adj no comparative 1 a scratch team, game, side etc is put together in a hurry, using anyone that is available 2 a scratch player in a sport does not have a handicap (=officially arranged disadvantage)
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1.
(scratches, scratching, scratched) 1. If you scratch yourself, you rub your fingernails against your skin because it is itching. He scratched himself under his arm... The old man lifted his cardigan to scratch his side... I had to wear long sleeves to stop myself scratching. VERB: V pron-refl, V n, V 2. If a sharp object scratches someone or something, it makes small shallow cuts on their skin or surface. The branches tore at my jacket and scratched my hands and face... Knives will scratch the worktop. VERB: V n, V n 3. Scratches on someone or something are small shallow cuts. The seven-year-old was found crying with scratches on his face and neck... N-COUNT 4. If you do something from scratch, you do it without making use of anything that has been done before. Building a home from scratch can be both exciting and challenging... PHRASE: PHR after v 5. If you say that someone is scratching their head, you mean that they are thinking hard and trying to solve a problem or puzzle. The Institute spends a lot of time scratching its head about how to boost American productivity. PHRASE: V inflects 6. If you only scratch the surface of a subject or problem, you find out or do a small amount, but not enough to understand or solve it. Officials say they’ve only scratched the surface of the drug problem... We had only two weeks to tour Malaysia, which was hardly enough time to scratch the surface. PHRASE: V inflects, oft PHR of n 7. If you say that someone or something is not up to scratch, you mean that they are not good enough. My mother always made me feel I wasn’t coming up to scratch. PHRASE: PHR after v, v-link PHR, usu with brd-neg ...Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner's English Dictionary
2.
I. verb Etymology: Middle English scracchen, probably blend of scratten to ~ and cracchen to ~ Date: 15th century transitive verb 1. to scrape or dig with the claws or nails 2. to rub and tear or mark the surface of with something sharp or jagged 3. a. to scrape or rub lightly (as to relieve itching) b. to act on (a desire) — used with itch ~ the itch to travel 4. to scrape together ; collect with difficulty or by effort ~ out a living 5. to write or draw on a surface 6. a. to cancel or erase by or as if by drawing a line through b. to withdraw (an entry) from competition 7. scribble, scrawl 8. to scrape along a rough surface ~ a match intransitive verb 1. to use the claws or nails in digging, tearing, or wounding 2. to scrape or rub oneself lightly (as to relieve itching) 3. to gather money or make a living by hard work and especially through irregular means and sacrifice had to ~ and save for college 4. a. to make a thin grating sound b. to produce a rhythmic ~ing sound by moving a phonograph record back and forth under a phonograph needle 5. to withdraw from a contest or engagement 6. to make a ~ in billiards or pool • ~er noun II. noun Date: circa 1586 1. a mark or injury produced by ~ing; also a slight wound 2. scrawl, scribble 3. the sound made by ~ing 4. the starting line in a race 5. a. a test of courage b. satisfactory condition, level, or performance not up to ~ 6. a contestant whose name is withdrawn 7. poultry feed (as mixed grains) scattered on the litter or ground especially to induce birds to exercise — called also ~ feed 8. a. a shot in billiards or pool that ends a player's turn; specifically a shot in pool in which the cue ball falls into the pocket b. a shot that scores by chance ; fluke 9. slang money, funds III. adjective Date: 1851 1. arranged or put together with little selection ; haphazard a ~ team 2. made as or used for a tentative effort 3. made or done by chance and not as...Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary
3.
v., n., & adj. --v. 1 tr. score or mark the surface of with a sharp or pointed object. 2 tr. a make a long narrow superficial wound in (the skin). b cause (a person or part of the body) to be scratched (scratched himself on the table). 3 tr. (also absol.) scrape without marking, esp. with the hand to relieve itching (stood there scratching). 4 tr. make or form by scratching. 5 tr. scribble; write hurriedly or awkwardly (scratched a quick reply; scratched a large A). 6 tr. (foll. by together, up, etc.) obtain (a thing) by scratching or with difficulty. 7 tr. (foll. by out, off, through) cancel or strike (out) with a pencil etc. 8 tr. (also absol.) withdraw (a competitor, candidate, etc.) from a race or competition. 9 intr. (often foll. by about, around, etc.) a scratch the ground etc. in search. b look around haphazardly (they were scratching about for evidence). --n. 1 a mark or wound made by scratching. 2 a sound of scratching. 3 a spell of scratching oneself. 4 colloq. a superficial wound. 5 a line from which competitors in a race (esp. those not receiving a handicap) start. 6 (in pl.) a disease of horses in which the pastern appears scratched. 7 sl. money. --attrib.adj. 1 collected by chance. 2 collected or made from whatever is available; heterogeneous (a scratch crew). 3 with no handicap given (a scratch race). Phrases and idioms from scratch 1 from the beginning. 2 without help or advantage. scratch along make a living etc. with difficulty. scratch one's head be perplexed. scratch my back and I will scratch yours 1 do me a favour and I will return it. 2 used in reference to mutual aid or flattery. scratch pad 1 esp. US a pad of paper for scribbling. 2 Computing a small fast memory for the temporary storage of data. scratch the surface deal with a matter only superficially. up to scratch up to the required standard. Derivatives scratcher n. Etymology: ME, prob. f. synonymous ME scrat & cratch, both of uncert. orig.: cf. MLG kratsen, OHG krazzon ...Толковый словарь английского языка Oxford English Reference
4.
1) царапина образовывать царапины 2) задир образовывать задиры 3) насекать (обрызг) 4) вымалывать (отруби) 5) шлифовать (крупку) - black scratch - cutting machine scratch - guide scratch ...Большой Англо-русский Русско-английский политехнический словарь
Англо-русский строительный словарь
6.
1) зацарапать 2) крацевальный 3) склерометрический 4) царапание 5) царапина Mohs' scratch hardness — твердость по шкале Моса scratch a plaster coat — насекать намет штукатурки scratch hardness number — твердость по Мартенсу scratch plaster coat — первый намет штукатурки - guide scratch - polish out scratch - scratch hardness - shallow scratch ...Англо-русский Русско-английский научно-технический словарь
7.
1) царапать 2) чесать; чесаться, почёсываться 3) скрестись; рыть когтями; рыться (в земле) ...Англо-русский Русско-английский биологический словарь
8.
1. сл. сатана (также Old Scratch) scratch 1. царапина a scratch on the face —- царапина на лице her hands were covered with scratches —- ее руки были все исцарапаны it's only a scratch —- это просто царапина (мелкий укол) without a scratch —- без малейшего вреда (ущерба) (для себя) to go through the war without a scratch —- пройти всю войну, не получив ни одной царапины to get off with a scratch or two —- отделаться пустяками, легко отделаться 2. тех. черта; метка 3. (тк. в ед. ч.) царапанье a dog enjoys a good scratch —- собаки любят почесаться 4. скрип, чирканье the scratch of pen on the paper —- скрип пера по бумаге 5. каракуля, закорючка he writes a miserable scratch —- у него отвратительный почерк a scratch of the pen —- подпись (особ. неразборчивая); росчерк пера the business could be settled by the scratch of a pen —- это дело можно было уладить одним росчерком пера 6. (тк. в ед. ч.) спорт. линия старта, старт (также scratch mark) 7. спорт. участник соревнования, не получающий преимущества при старте (также scratch man) 8. накладка из волос, маленький парик, прикрывающий часть головы 9. сл. временное название кинофильма 10. ам. сл. фальшивый чек; фальшивомонетчик 11. ам. сл. деньги, средства Id: up to scratch —- на должной высоте, в хорошем состоянии (виде); в полной готовности Id: to bring smb. (up) to the scratch —- спорт. вызвать кого-л....Новый большой англо-русский словарь
9.
I Scratch noun Old scratch - дьявол II 1. noun 1) царапина; to get off with a scratch - отделаться царапиной; легко отделаться 2) росчерк; пометка; каракули; a scratch of the pen - росчерк пера 3) почесывание, расчесывание 4) скрип; царапанье; чирканье 5) sport стартовая черта; to come (up) to the scratch - а) подойти к стартовой черте; б) решиться (на что-л.); быть готовым к борьбе; быть в форме - start from scratch 6) sport участник состязания, не получающий преимущества (тж. scratch man) 7) pl.; vet. мокрец (у лошади) 8) насечка, метка 9) штрафное касание (в бильярде); fig. счастливая случайность 10) = scratch-wig - up to scratch 2. adj. 1) случайный 2) разношерстный, сборный; собранный наспех; scratch crew/team/pack coll. - случайно или наспех подобранная спортивная команда; scratch dinner - обед, приготовленный на скорую руку, импровизированный обед 3) используемый для черновиков, набросков; scratch paper - бумага для заметок 3. v. 1) царапать(ся), скрести(сь); расцарапать, оцарапать; to scratch the surface of smth. - а) не проникать глубже поверхности чего-л.; б) относиться поверхностно к чему-л. 2) нацарапать (письмо, рисунок) 3) чесать(ся), расчесывать; to scratch ones head - почесать затылок also fig. ; If you keep scratching away at that spot, youll break the skin. 4) рыть когтями; рыться...Англо-русский словарь
10.
See: FROM SCRATCH, PUT ONE'S MONEY ON A SCRATCHED HORSE, UP TO PAR or UP TO SCRATCH. ...Английский словарь американских идиом
11.
- c.1400, probably a fusion of scratten "to scratch" and crachen "to scratch," both of uncertain origin. Slang sense of "money" is from 1914. Many figurative senses (cf. up to scratch) are from sporting use for "line or mark drawn as a starting place" (1867); meaning "nothing" (in from scratch) is 1922, also from sporting sense. Billiards sense is first recorded 1909 (also, originally, itch). Verb meaning "to withdraw (a horse) from a race" is 1865, from notion of scratching name off list of competitors; used in a non-sporting sense of "cancel a plan, etc." from 1685. Old Scratch "the Devil" (1740) is from earlier Scrat, from O.N. skratte "goblin, monster," used in M.E. for "hermaphrodite." ...Английский Этимологический словарь
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